According to European sources, the Netherlands is heavily reliant on China for the import of eight critical materials, as disclosed by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). The materials include barite, bismuth, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, strontium, tantalum, and fluorspar.
This dependence carries strategic and supply chain risks. CBS economist Marjolijn Jaarsma warned, “It is not ideal to depend on a trading partner that can leverage raw materials for geopolitical aims.” She noted that China could impose export restrictions, squeeze supply chains, and put pressure on trade partners concerning these materials. In recent times, China has already introduced restrictions on certain critical materials, including rare-earth magnets, which has raised global concern and disrupted imports. The EU and China are currently in dialogue on export restrictions, a prominent topic at the EU-China summit held in July.
In 2024, the Netherlands imported the most magnesium (worth €274 million) and manganese (€178 million) among the eight materials. These are essential for industries such as electric vehicles, wind turbines, and steel manufacturing. Many Dutch firms involved in packaging, construction, and metal processing depend on these imports.
【Background】 The European Commission classifies more than thirty materials as critical, meaning they are important to economies and vulnerable to supply disruptions. While not all eight materials currently carry trade restrictions, concerns persist that China might resort to supply-side constraints, which would exert significant pressure on importing countries’ industries. CBS is also investigating the extent of the Netherlands’ indirect dependence on China, as some imports flow through intermediaries like Germany.
【Conclusion】 China’s dominance in the supply of critical materials poses a strategic challenge for the Netherlands and the EU. The Netherlands’ reliance, especially on magnesium and manganese, highlights the importance of diversifying supply chains and bolstering domestic or allied-resource capabilities. Enterprises involved in sectors reliant on these materials should monitor policy developments closely and consider contingency plans.
Source: This article is based on publicly available reporting from NOS.
Original link: https://nos.nl/artikel/2584479-cbs-nederland-afhankelijk-van-china-voor-kritieke-materialen
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